Oil burner with casing



Oct. 4, 1949. ,J. D? GARRETT 2,483,822

OIL BURNER WIT-H CASING Filed July 24, 1946 INVENTOR J OSEPH D. GARRETT ATTOR N EY Patented Oct. 4, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER WITH CASING Joseph D. Garrett, Portland, Oreg. Application July 24, 1946, Serial No. 685,866

2 Claims.

The present invention relates to oil burners for furnaces and more particularly to oil burning conversion units of the gravity feed type.

One object .of the present invention is to provide a conversion unit of the type described which is of simple and inexpensive construction.

Another object of the invention is to provide an oil-burning conversion unit which can be readilyinstalled in any standard type of furnace.

A further object of the invention is to provide a conversion unit of the type described which is both eflicient and economical in operation.

For the attainment of these and other objects, which will become apparent from the following description .of the invention, there is provided a liquid fuel burner comprising a fuel receptacle or vaporization chamber comprising perforated side walls and a flame opening in the top thereof. A casing surrounding and spaced from the side and rear portions of the vaporization chamber forms with the walls of the vaporization chamber an air chamber for supplying air to the receptacle through the perforations in the walls thereof. The air chamber and vaporiza-. tion chamber have a common front wall in which there are one or more openings communicating with the air chamber and on which are mounted the various accessories required for the manual or automatic operation of the burner. The front wall also forms the face plate of the burner unit and is adapted to be sealed in place in or adjacent the door opening of the stove or furnace. For supplying additional air for the combustion of the oil vapors there is provided a tubular member extending upwardly through the receptacle with its lower end opening into the air chamber and its upper end terminating short of the flame opening provided in the top of the oil receptacle.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in which Fig. l is a fragmentary elevation of the furnace with parts broken away to show the burner of the present invention in operating position within the furnace; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevational view of the burner taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a front elevation view of the burner but in a larger scale than the remaining views; and Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan view of the burner.

The burner of the present invention is designed to be installed in the ash compartment of any standard type of furnace. In Fig. 1, the burner in is shown as installed in the ash pit ll of a furnace and as being supported .on the floor of the pit by means of the lower edge of the face or front plate I2 and an adjustable leg l3 secured to the rear of the burner 10. After insertion of the unit into the furnace through the ash door opening I 5, the space around the edges of the front of the burner is sealed as by means .of fire brick 14.

In the illustrated embodiment thereof, the liquid fuel burner of the present invention comprises an elongated oil receiver and vaporization chamber [6 in which the oil is vaporized and the vapors mixed with primary air and an air chamber l1 surrounding the sides, bottom and rear portion .of the vaporization chamber E6, the side wall I8, rear wall l9 and bottom wall 20 of the air chamber forming the exterior walls of the burner and being spaced from the corresponding side walls 2|, rear wall 22 and bottom Wall 23 of the vaporization chamber l6. Perforations 24 in the rear portions of the side walls 2| and in the rear wall 22 of the vaporization chamber serve as means for introducing primary air from the air chamber ll into the vaporization chamber for mixture with the oil vapors therein. The front wall l2 forming the front of the burner is common to both the vaporization chamber l6 and the air chamber H, the forward portions of the side walls 2| of the vaporization chamber converging inwardly adjacent the front wall E2 to provide room on the portions of the face plate i2 between these walls 2! and the walls is for a pair of air inlets 25. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the accompanying drawing these inlets are covered by circular screens although it is to be understood that they may be connected to a suitable blower if air is to be introduced into the burner under pressure.

Oil is fed to the vaporization chamber through an oil inlet pipe 26 extending through the front wall [2 of the unit with the discharge end thereof terminating a short distance above the bottom wall 23 of the vaporization chamber. When the burner is installed leg i3 is so adjusted that the oil admitted through pipe 26 will distribute itself evenly over the bottom of the vaporization chamber. The other end of inlet pipe 26 is connected to a float-operated oil valve chamber 21. The float chamber 21 which forms no part of the present invention may be so constructed that the flow of .oil into the vaporization chamber is may be either manually or automatically regulated as required and will automatically close to prevent flooding of the burner in the event the flame goes out. A lighter hole 3| in the front wall-l2 of the burner communicating with the interior of the vaporization chamber It serves as means for observing the interior of the burner and for the insertion of a match or other lighting means into the burner for igniting the oil film on the bottom wall of the vaporization chamber. The lighter hole is normally closed by a door 32 pivotally secured to the front wall of the burner. The burner can of course include electrically operated ignition means where desired or required by local laws covering the use and operation of such burners.

In the operation of the device a small quantity of oil is first introduced into the vaporization chamber after which the oil is ignited through the hole 3|. Air entering the vaporization chamber l6 through the apertures in the walls thereof particularly through the apertures 30 in the forward portions of walls 21 supports the combustion of the oil and after a short time a flame issues through the flame opening 39 in the top wall 29 of the burner. Additional or secondary air is furnished adjacent the flame opening 39 by means of the air duct 24Aextending through the bottom wall of the vaporization chamberbelow the flame opening 39, the lower end of the aid duct 24A terminating in the air chamber 17 and the upper end terminating within the vaporization chamber at a point somewhat below the flame opening 39. As the oil in the vaporization chamber becomes warmer most or all of the actual combustion takes place in or above flame opening 39.

It will be obvious of course that by proper adjustment of the float valve in chamber 21, a small but constant flow of oil can be admitted to the vaporization chamber at such a rate as to provide a pilot flame within the vaporization chamber at all times during the heating season. A small amount of vermiculite or other granular noncombustible material placed on the floor of the vaporization chamber adjacent the outlet end of pipe 26 will provide a focal point for the pilot flame. If desired a thin layer of the granular noncombustible material can be spread evenly over the entire bottom wall of chamber IE to increase the effective area thereof insofar as vaporization of the fuel is concerned and also to maintain that bottom wall 23 at a lower temperature during operation of the burner.

In some cases it may be desirable to provide more air adjacent the flame opening 39 than that furnished through duct 24A. Means for accomplishing this result comprises a plate 35 parallel with and spaced from the top wall 29 of the burner, plate 35 being supported on plate 29 by its downwardly extending edge portions 35 which may be welded to the top plate 29 and having a flame opening 39 therein arranged coaxially with the flame opening in plate 29. Air from the air chamber I1 is introduced into the space between plates 29 and 35 through one or more apertures 40 provided adjacent the edges of plate 29, these apertures 40 communicating with the air chamber IT.

From the above description it will be apparent 1. An oil burner comprising a receptacle for liquid fuel and including a bottom wall and perforate side and rear walls, a casing having bottom and rear walls spaced from the corresponding adjacent walls of said receptacle, a front plate forming a forward Wall of both said receptacle and said casing, an opening in said front plate defining an air inlet communicating with the space between said receptacle and said casing, a substantially horizontal plate joined to. said front plate and forming a top wall for both said receptacle and said casing, a second plate spaced above said horizontal plate and sealed around the edges thereto and defining an air passage therebetween, openings adjacent the marginal portions of said horizontal plate establishing communication between said casing externally of said receptacle and the space between said horizontal plate and said second plate, a pair of coaxial round openings in said horizontal plate, and said second plate respectively above said receptacle, and a tubular member defining an air duct extending upwardly through V the bottom wall of said receptacle in symmetrical front plate forming a forward wall for both said receptacle and said casing, an opening in said front plate defining an air inlet communicating with the space between said receptacle and said casing, a substantially horizontal plate joined to said front plate and forming a top wall for both said receptacle and said casing, a second plate spaced above said horizontal plate and sealed around the edges thereto and defining an air passage therebetween, openings adjacent the marginal portions of said horizontal plate that the present invention provides a simple,

safe and inexpensive oil-burning conversion unit. The burners have been found to be unusually economical in operation and to require the min-- imum of maintenance. As the vaporization chamber and air chamber comprise a single unitary structure, the burner can be easily installed in any type of wood or coal-burning furnace merely by placing the burner in proper position within the furnace with the front of the burner in an accessible position within or adjacent the furnace door opening and then sealing any space remaining around the front edges of the burner unit.

Having described the present invention in what is considered to be a certain preferred embodiment thereof it is desired that it be understood that the specific details shown and described are merely illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

What I claim is:

establishing communication between said casing externally of said receptacle and the space between said horizontal plate and said second plate, and a pair of coaxial round openings in said tively above said receptacle.

JOSEPH D. GARRETT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,633,549 Little June 21, 1927 1,897,314 Little Feb. 14, 1933 1,987,487 Moore Jan. 8, 1935 2,091,487 Peoples Aug. 31, 1937 2,261,814 Suchland Nov. 4, 1941 2,333,478 Focke Nov. 2, 1943 2,337,673 McCurtain Dec. 28, 1943 2,342,272 Hayter Feb. 22, 1944 2,349,722 Hayter May 23, 1944 2,373,910 Perry et al. Apr. 17, 1945 2,391,585 Miller Dec. 25, 1945 2,393,176 Livar et a1. Jan. 15, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 392,371 France Sept. 23, 1908 

